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Rome NATIONAL MUSEUM OF CASTEL SANT'ANGELO in Rome
(
Museo Nazionale di Castel Sant'Angelo )
It has
been the seat of the Museo Nazionale since 1925.
The purpose of this museum was to receive
collections of art and history and relics
of the Italian Army in Castel Sant'Angelo
a monumental setting which had been restored for the
occasion.
The
Castel Sant'Angelo is a monument-symbol of
the Roman practice of "reuse" of the buildings
of ancient Rome, it stands out with its massive
structure on the right bank of the Tiber not
far from st. Peter's Basilica, at the end of
the perspective row of Bernini's Ponte S. Angelo.
lt was
built between 123 and 139 AD as ordered by Emperor
Publius Aelius Hadrianus as a monumental
tomb for himself and his successors. The Mole
Adriana was originally made up of three overlapping
bodies of decreasing diameter with a mound ceiling
crowned by the emperor's bronze quadriga.
It was
subsequently incorporated within the Aurelian walls
(271 AD) because of its strategic position, in order
to control the northern access into the city, its function
then changed from tomb to a military post and as a fortified
stronghold it underwent continuous work during the
Middle Ages and the Renaissance under several
Roman families who competed for its ownership until
the final acquisition in 1377 by the papacy on
its return from exile in Avignon.
In the
second half of the fifteenth century the final transformation
of the building into a war machine complex was
completed in accordance with the wishes of Nicholas
V and Alexander VI and under the
work of Antonio da Sangallo the Elder.
The building
was adapted to the use of new firearms and therefore
equipped with a new pentagonal boundary fortified with
ramparts; at the same time it began to be used as an
alternative and fortified papal residence
connected to the Vatican palace by the thirteenth-century
Passetto di Borgo that saw its completion in the mid
sixteenth century with the construction of Paul Ill's
apartment, which is located above the fifteenth-
century rooms built for Nicholas V and splendidly
frescoed by the of Perin del Vaga.
The complex
and stratified history of the monument, that can be
traced back to the three main units formed e Roman
remains of the imperial mausoleum (the helicoidal
of stairs with its four gigantic ventducts, the halls
of the urns intended for the ashes of the imperial
family with three overlaprooms made in
the last cylinder of the Mole), from the
fortified castle (with the patrol round and the four
bastions dedicated to the Evangelists) and from
the papal apartments (in which to be counted
are those small treasures represented by the chapel
of Leo x from the heater of Clement VII)
simultaneously constitutes the substance and setting
of the exhibition route that boasts mixed collections
of sculptures, paintings, marble finds,
weapons, furniture and objects of different
origins, partly discovered during construction for
the helicoidal ramp of the mausoleum,
partly given up by the Roman National Museum
of Baths of Diocletian and the former Industrial
Art Museum, in part purchased on the antiques market
and as a result of exhibitions set up to celebrate
universal Exposition in 1911.
The small
yet precious picture gallery formed through the bequests
of the Menotti and Contini bonaccossi
collections and was placed in the rooms
of the historical apartments according to a
museological criterion of "furnishings in
style": the heterogeneity of the works is compensated
by sreat value of the authors among which Crivelli,
Lotto, Dossi Signorelli stand out.
The most
important sculpture in the collection is the stone angel
by Raffaello da Montelupo which is now :ed in the
Cortile d'Onore but it was located on top of the
castle 1752.
During
the time of Gregory the Great it was believed that apparition
of the statue had brought a plague to its end.
In the
collection of arms, on the other hand, which is arranged
in the rooms of Pius IV at the top of the
monument and involved in a new arrangement which
has not been completed yet, priority has been given
to the nature of the items of fine antiquities
rather than to of simple relics, however pieces
which are definitely linked to Castle's events
have been selected; there are arms, equipment
uniforms dating from between the XV and XIX
centuries.
Addresses
Lungotevere Castello, 50
opening
Hours Every day from 9.00 am (the ticket office
closes one hour before the schedule closing time)
closed
Monday, Dec. 25,Jan.l
phone
066819111; Fax 06 681911155; Bookings 06 39967600 e
€ 5,00; concessions € 3,50
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